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Bioesthesiometer

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Purpose

The bioesthesiometer is an instrument designed to measure vibration perception threshold (VPT). Initially designed to measure vibration to aid in diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy in persons with diabetes mellitus.

Acronym ?

Assessment Type

Patient Reported Outcomes

Cost

Not Free

Cost Description

Sold commercially from many sources

Diagnosis/Conditions

  • Multiple Sclerosis

Key Descriptions

  • Tool is only available commercially from many sources.
  • The probe is applied to the body while gradually increasing the amplitude until the vibration is detected.
  • Conversely, the amplitude can be slowly lowered to record the amplitude at which vibration sense is lost.
  • Threshold is the value at which VPT is first perceived.
  • As with sensory tests, communication dysfunction may make this test less reliable.
  • Instrument psychometric properties have not been tested in people with MS.
  • For research purposes, this tool is not recommended because of lack of psychometric data in MS.

Number of Items

1

Equipment Required

  • Bioesthesiometer

Time to Administer

5-10 minutes

Required Training

No Training

Age Ranges

Child

6 - 12

years

Adolescent

13 - 17

years

Instrument Reviewers

Initially reviewed by Gail L. Widener and the MS task force of the neurology section of the APTA in 2011.

ICF Domain

Body Structure
Body Function

Professional Association Recommendation

Recommendations for use of the instrument from the Neurology Section of the American Physical Therapy Association’s Multiple Sclerosis Taskforce (MSEDGE), Parkinson’s Taskforce (PD EDGE), Spinal Cord Injury Taskforce (PD EDGE), Stroke Taskforce (StrokEDGE), Traumatic Brain Injury Taskforce (TBI EDGE), and Vestibular Taskforce (Vestibular EDGE) are listed below. These recommendations were developed by a panel of research and clinical experts using a modified Delphi process.

For detailed information about how recommendations were made, please visit: 

Abbreviations:

HR

Highly Recommend

R

Recommend

LS / UR

Reasonable to use, but limited study in target group  / Unable to Recommend

NR

Not Recommended

Recommendations based on level of care in which the assessment is taken:

 

Acute Care

Inpatient Rehabilitation

Skilled Nursing Facility

Outpatient

Rehabilitation

Home Health

MS EDGE

UR

UR

UR

UR

UR

Recommendations based on EDSS Classification:

 

EDSS 0.0 – 3.5

EDSS 4.0 – 5.5

EDSS 6.0 – 7.5

EDSS 8.0 – 9.5

MS EDGE

UR

UR

UR

UR

Recommendations for entry-level physical therapy education and use in research:

 

Students should learn to administer this tool? (Y/N)

Students should be exposed to tool? (Y/N)

Appropriate for use in intervention research studies? (Y/N)

Is additional research warranted for this tool (Y/N)

MS EDGE

No

No

No

Yes

Considerations

Do you see an error or have a suggestion for this instrument summary? Please e-mail us!

Multiple Sclerosis

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Normative Data

Multiple Sclerosis:

(Bloom et al, 1984; n = 519 non-diabetic individuals ages from 10-90)

Test/Retest Reliability

Multiple Sclerosis:

(Miranda-Palmer et al, 2005; n = 80 people with MS)

  • Excellent test-retest reliability for hands and feet ( r = 0.87)

Criterion Validity (Predictive/Concurrent)

Multiple Sclerosis:

(Leocani et al, 2003)

  • Adequate correlation with sensory evoked potentials in upper limb (rho = 0.372)
  • Adequate correlation with sensory evoked potentials in lower limb (rho = 0.499)

Responsiveness

Multiple Sclerosis:

(Miranda-Palma et al, 2005)

  • 92% sensitivity and 39% specificity for detecting foot ulceration in patients with DM

Bibliography

Bloom, S., Till, S., et al. (1984). "Use of a biothesiometer to measure individual vibration thresholds and their variation in 519 non-diabetic subjects." British medical journal (Clinical research ed.) 288(6433): 1793-1795.

Bove, F. J., Letz, R., et al. (1989). "Sensory thresholds among construction trade painters: a cross-sectional study using new methods for measuring temperature and vibration sensitivity." J. OCCUP. MED. 31(4): 320-325.

Citaker, S., Gunduz, A. G., et al. (2011). "Relationship between foot sensation and standing balance in patients with multiple sclerosis." Gait & Posture.

Frenette, B., Mergler, D., et al. (1990). "Measurement precision of a portable instrument to assess vibrotactile perception threshold." Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 61(5-6): 386-391.

Kakigi, R., Kuroda, Y., et al. (1992). "Physiological study of the spinothalamic tract conduction in multiple sclerosis." J Neurol Sci 107(2): 205-209.

Leocani, L., Martinelli, V., et al. (2003). "Somatosensory evoked potentials and sensory involvement in multiple sclerosis: comparison with clinical findings and quantitative sensory tests." Mult Scler 9(3): 275-279.

Miranda-Palma, B., Sosenko, J. M., et al. (2005). "A comparison of the monofilament with other testing modalities for foot ulcer susceptibility." Diabetes Res Clin Pract 70(1): 8-12.

Newsome, S. D., Wang, J. I., et al. (2011). "Quantitative measures detect sensory and motor impairments in multiple sclerosis." J Neurol Sci 305(1-2): 103-111.

van Deursen, R. W., Sanchez, M. M., et al. (2001). "Vibration perception threshold testing in patients with diabetic neuropathy: ceiling effects and reliability." Diabet Med 18(6): 469-475.

Zackowski, K. M., Smith, S. A., et al. (2009). "Sensorimotor dysfunction in multiple sclerosis and column-specific magnetization transfer-imaging abnormalities in the spinal cord." Brain 132(Pt 5): 1200-1209.