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Parkinson¡¯s Disease:

(Duncan, et al, 2013; n = 80 with idiopathic PD, mean age = 68.2 (9.7), mean MDS-UPDRS 41.3 (14.7), H & Y stage [1 = 4, 2 = 27, 2.5 = 30, 3 = 13, 4 = 6]; retrospective fallers n = 25 (31%), 6 month prospective fallers n= 14 (27.5%), 12 month prospective fallers n = 13 (32.5%))

• Fall risk Cut score < 11/24 points; Adequate detection of retrospective fallers in PD cohort, (AUC = 0.82, sensitivity = 0.76, specificity = 0.84, LR+ = 4.64, LR- = 0.29)

Parkinson¡¯s Disease:

(Duncan , et al., 2013; n = 80 with PD varied stages (see above cohort description))

• mean Brief BESTest = 13.2 (55%) sd = 5.5

Parkinson¡¯s Disease:

(Duncan , et al., 2013)

• Cut score < 11/24; Prospective prediction of fall risk in PD cohort
  • (n = 51) 6-month adequate predictive validity (AUC = 0.88, sensitivity = 0.71, specificity = 0.87, LR+ = 5.29, LR- = 0.50);
  • n = 40 12-month adequate predictive validity (AUC = 0.76, sensitivity = 0.53, specificity = 0.93, LR+7.27, LR- = 0.50)

Parkinson¡¯s Disease:

(Duncan , et al., 2013)

Brief BESTest demonstrated excellent correlation with

BESTest (r = 0.94) and Mini BESTest (r = 0.95)

*Each item on Brief BESTest correlated with its respective section on BESTest as follows:

• adequate correlation (anticipatory postural adjustments r = 0.89, postural responses r = 0.91, sensory orientation r = 0.78, stability in gait r = 0.78);
• poor correlation (biomechanical constraints r = 0.61, stability limits/verticality r = 0.69)

Supported by the theoretical construct of BESTest six subsections, Brief BESTest includes the strongest psychometric item from each section.

Balance Deficits:

(Padgett, Jacobs, & Kasser, 2012; 1^st cohort: n = 20 varied Dx (4 PD, 1 CVA, 4 MS, 1 PN, 1 tremor) and 9 healthy; 5 with positive fall history. 2^nd cohort: n = 13 with MS, mean age 50, EDSS < 6 (range 0 - 4.5), 7 fallers)

• Excellent inter-rater reliability ICC = 0.994 (0.986 - 0.997) with three trained raters concurrently rating Brief BESTest

Balance Deficits:

(Padgett, Jacobs, & Kasser, 2012)

• Excellent internal consistency 1^st cohort Cronbach Alpha = 0.917 with average item correlation = 0.737; 2^nd cohort Cronbach Alpha = 0.856, with average item correlation = 0.617

Balance Deficits:

(Padgett, Jacobs, & Kasser, 2012)

• Brief BESTest significantly differentiated those with neurologic conditions from healthy subjects for all three raters (1^st cohort)
• Rater 1: neurologic conditions (mean score = 59 (CI 39-79)) and healthy subjects (mean score = 91 (CI 83-100))
• Rater 2: neurologic conditions (mean score = 57 (38-76)) and healthy subjects (mean score = 84 (80-87))
• Rater 3: neurologic conditions (mean score = 61 (43-80)) and healthy subjects (mean score = 90 (82-97))
• Excellent discriminative validity in MS cohort (2^nd cohort), able to distinguish fallers (Mean score = 59% (45 - 73)) from nonfallers (mean score = 95% (92 - 98)); Sensitivity to detect fallers = 100%, specificity = 100%, accuracy = 100%.

Supported by the theoretical construct of BESTest six subsections, Brief BESTest includes the strongest psychometric item from each section.