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Whiteneck, Gassaway, and Ketchum, 2019, spinal cord injury; n=103)

• Excellent Pearson test-retest coefficient=0.966 (95% CI, 0.950-0.977)

• Rasch analysis was used to evaluate internal consistentcy

• Infit and outfit were calculated and  items falling outside of accepted range of 0.6 - 1.4 were removed. 

(Whiteneck, Gassaway, and Ketchum, 2019, spinal cord injury; n=80)

• Reliability Change Index = ¡À3.10

(Whiteneck, Gassaway, and Ketchum, 2019, spinal cord injury; n=80)

• Excellent correlation between Chart-SF and PART-O (r=0.788)

(Bogner et al, 2017, n=224, mean age = 39.85 (18.18) persons with a moderate-severe TBI enrolled in the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems National Database)

• Total score  SEM = 0.21
• Out and About subscale  SEM = 0.33
• Productivity subscale  SEM = 0.36
• Social subscale SEM= 0.35

Traumatic Brain Injury:

(Whiteneck et al, 2011; n = 400; 1 to 15 years post-injury; 71% male; mean age = 36.6(17.0) years, mean score: 45.4 +/- 9.3 points)

• Negative correlation found with age (-0.23; p < 0.001)
• Significant differences found with education level p = 0.001
• Significant differences found with marital status and ethnicity (p < 0.001)

(Ehrler, 2018, n=1947, community-dwelling participants post-TBI)

(Bogner et al, 2017, n=224, mean age = 39.85 (18.18) persons with a moderate-severe TBI enrolled in the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems National Database)

• Total score ICC = 0.90 (CI 0.87-0.92)
• Out and About subscale ICC = 0.79(CI 0.73-0.83)
• Productivity subscale ICC = 0.87(CI 0.83-0.90)
• Social subscale ICC = 0.87(CI 0.83-0.90)

• Rasch analysis was used to evaluate internal consistentcy

• Infit and outfit were calculated and  items falling outside of accepted range of 0.6 - 1.4 were removed. 

(Wen, Waid-Ebbs, Graham, Helmer, 2018, n=102, mean age = 34.65(6.9), veterans with mild TBI)

• Acceptable Cronbach¡¯s ¦Á= 0.65
• Misfit item appears to be ¡°Do you live with your spouse or significant other?¡±¡± (information-weighted mean square= 1.45, information-weighted z-standardized.= 3.3)

Traumatic Brain Injury:

(Whiteneck et al, 2011)

• Concurrent Validity: PART-O was associated strongly with other participation and functional measures, particularly those assessed at follow-up concurrently with participation data collection, rather than at rehabilitation discharge
• Excellent correlation with the Mayo-Portland Participation Index (M2PI) (0.69; p < 0.001); assessed concurrently with self-report items
• Adequate to Excellent correlations (p < 0.001) were found with Cognitive FIM (0.61), Motor FIM (0.59), Supervision Rating Scale (SRS) (-0.64), Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E) (0.61), and Disability Rating Scale (DRS) scores (-0.70) at follow-up; all indicating that greater functional independence was associated with greater participation
• Adequate correlations (but statistically significant at p < 0.001) were found between PART-O and functional measures assessed at inpatient rehabilitation discharge (Cognitive FIM, r = 0.33; Motor FIM, r = 0.36; DRS, r = -0.32), although in 26% of cases, discharge was 5 or more years before PART-O assessment
• Adequate correlation with the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) score at follow-up (r = 0.34; p < 0.001)

Traumatic Brain Injury:

(Whiteneck et al, 2011)

• Using Rasch rating scale analysis to evaluate the psychometric properties of participation items drawn from 3 instruments:
  • Set of 24 items was developed that covered a broad range of participation content 
  • Formed a measure with person separation of 2.47, person reliability of 0.86, item spread of 4.25 logits, item separation of 11.36, and item reliability of 0.99 
  • Items were well targeted on the sample with only 1 item misfitting
• Principal component analysis of residuals: 
  • Rasch-derived measure accounted for 88.1% of the item variance. 
  • Only 1.1% of the variance was explained by the next factor
  • Authors conclude that the 24-item PART-O is essentially unidimensional.
• Correlation with legacy measures: (p < 0.001) 
  • Excellent correlation with CIQ-2 (0.83)
  • Excellent correlation with CHART-SF (based on the sum of the 5 included subscales) (0.82)
  • Excellent correlation with the POPS objective component (0.79)
• Excellent correlation: CIQ-2 Social Integration subscale and the CHART-SF Mobility subscale had the highest correlations with PART-O (0.79 and 0.78, respectively) (p < 0.001)
• Excellent subscale correlations (greater than 0.60) with PART-O included (p < 0.001): 
  • CHART-SF Occupation (0.66), Social Integration (0.62), Cognitive Independence (0.60)
  • CIQ-2 Productivity (0.62)
  • POPS Interpersonal (0.63) and Community (0.63)
• Adequate subscale correlations (greater than 0.50) with PART-O included (p < 0.001):
  • CHART-SF Physical Independence (0.54) 
  • CIQ-2 Home Integration (0.52)
• Three POPS subscale correlations with PART-O were slightly lower, but still significant (p < 0.001): Major Life Areas (0.48), Domestic (0.48), and Transportation (0.36)
• Demographic and injury related variations in participation: No significant differences were found by sex, cause, or years post-injury, but a significant negative correlation was found between PART-O score and age (-0.23; p < 0.001), indicating that older people had lower participation measures
• PART-O scores were not related to severity of injury, reflected by Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores and days to emerge from post-traumatic amnesia (PTA), but were related weakly to days of unconsciousness (r = 0.11; p < 0.04), with greater severity associated with less participation

Traumatic Brain Injury:

(Whiteneck et al, 2011)

• Pool of 69 items formed by combining the CHART, CIQ-2, and POPS;
• Items grouped together in content areas such as autonomy in self-care, household management, social activities, and work and pilot tested with 13 persons with TBI via telephone interviews Interviewers completed the M2PI after they had administered items from the CIQ-2, CHART, and POPS
• Rasch analysis used to reduce 69 items to 24 items requiring five rounds of measuring item infit and outfit values 
• 24 items had a spread of 4.25 logits between the item least often endorsed and the item most often endorsed
• All infit statistics were within boundaries for goot fit (0.7-1.40) except 1 item: Number of time respondent socializes with friends by telephone or at home in a typical week, but was retained due to relevance of content to construct of participation
• 24 PART-O demonstrated person separation of 2.47 and person reliability of 0.86. Item separation was 11.36 with item reliability of 0.99; demonstrating ability to reliability measures differences in participation

(Wen, Waid-Ebbs, Graham, Helmer, 2018, n=102, mean age = 34.65(6.9), veterans with mild TBI)

Rasch Analysis

(Wen, Waid-Ebbs, Graham, Helmer, 2018, n=102, mean age = 34.65(6.9), veterans with mild TBI)

• No floor or ceiling effects found

Spinal Cord Injury, Stroke, Traumatic Brain Injury, General Population:

(Bogner et al, 2011; spinal cord injury, stroke and traumatic brain injury n = 220; general population who self-reported disability n = 366; general population who self-reported no disability n = 284; Mean age: spinal cord injury, stroke and traumatic brain injury: 43.10 (12.67); general population no disability: 45.50 (11.42); general population with disability: 49.95 (10.35))

• Excellent correlation between the PART-O Averaged Total Score and the PART-O Balanced Score for the combined sample (Spearman rho = 0.84), and similar correlations were found when each group was examined separately. 
• Poor correlations of the domain scores with each other for the combined sample, but as expected, stronger correlations with the total scores. Similar patterns of association were observed when the groups were considered singly.
• Item-subscale correlations: 

Spinal Cord Injury, Stroke, Traumatic Brain Injury, General Population:

(Bogner et al, 2011)

• The following process was utilized to develop the three content domains of PART-O: productivity, social relations, and community involvement which also decreased 24 items to 17 items
• A consensus process was used to determine which items were critical for inclusion in the total score and how the items were to be classified in each of 3 content domains
• Researchers from the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research TBI and Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems evaluated the items to ensure that each reflected an aspect of participation relevant to most of the population
• A consumer advisory group consisting of persons with brain injury, family members, rehabilitation professionals, and advocates serving on the Research Committee of the Ohio Valley Center reviewed the researchers¡¯ initial classifications and suggested alternative classifications, with their primary focus on items for which the researchers had not achieved consensus
• Input from the advisory group was consolidated with that of the researchers. Items for which there was consensus were assigned to a domain

(Chang et al. 2019; N= 269; mean age 55.36 +/-12.46; 70.6% male, patients receiving outpatient rehabilitation for stroke)

(Malec, Whiteneck, & Bogner, 2016)

Excellent Rasch analysis found inter-rater reliability (person reliability =0.80)

(Malec, Whiteneck, & Bogner, 2016)

Rasch analysis found item misfit using the 0-5 scale.  Reducing rating scales to 3 levels (except the dichotomous items) demonstrated good fit and person reliability (0.81)

Brandenburg, Worrall, Rodriguez, and Bagraith, 2015 list the PART-O as a frequency measure of participation used in populations with aphasia which has items that do correspond to participation as defined in the WHO-ICF 2001 concept of participation categories of d7, d8, and d9.

(Chang et al. 2019; N= 269; mean age 55.36 +/-12.46; 70.6% male)

Moderate to Fair correlation with PM-3D4D

Found to be less sensitive to change than PM-3D4D.

(Malec, Whiteneck, & Bogner, 2016).

Rasch metrics across samples

(Chang et al. 2019; N= 269; mean age 55.36 +/-12.46; 70.6% male)