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Spinal Injury: (Noonan et al 2010; n = 545; age's ranged from 21 to 90 years; mean time from discharge to follow-up = 4 years)

Spinal Injury: (Noonan et al 2010)

Spinal Injury: (Noonan et al 2010)

Spinal Injury: (Noonan et al 2010)

Musculoskeletal, Neurologic and medically complex disorders (Gandek et al, 2007; n = 36; mean age = 60 (range = 18 to 100) years; assessed 1¨C15 days (mean = 4 days) of the initial interview)

Musculoskeletal, Neurologic and medically complex disorders (Gandek et al, 2007)

Literature Review: (Magasi & Post, 2010)

• Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) suggested a 7-factor model (however, some factors were highly correlated)
• Principle Component Analysis (PCA) resulted in a 2 factor solution

Musculoskeletal, Neurologic and medically complex disorders (Gandek et al, 2007)

• Participant with different diagnosis differed significantly (P < 0.001) on all scales (except domestic life)
• Participants with higher Rankin scores tended to score lower in the mobility, role functioning, and community, social, and civic life domains.

Multiple Diagnoses: (Keysor et al, 2006 (n=342; diagnoses: complex medical (eg, COPD, MI, heart surgery, post-surgical debility), orthopedic (eg, fractures or amputations), neurologic (eg, stroke, Guillain-Barr¨¦ syndrome, Parkinson¡¯s disease, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury) from acute care and inpatient rehabilitation; mean age=68 (14); 49% female) 

Pearson Correlation Coefficients of Home and Community Environment with Community Participation and Social and Home Participation 

NS: Not significant; *P<.05, **P<.01, ***P<.001 

• After adjusting for covariates, 1 month after discharge, a greater presence of home mobility barriers (P <.01) was associated with less social and home participation; greater community mobility barriers (P<.01) and more social support (P<.001) were associated with greater participation 
• At 6 months, social support was the only environmental factor associated with participation after adjusting for covariates. 

Multiple Diagnoses: (Jette et al, 2005; n=435; diagnoses: complex medical (eg,COPD, MI, heart surgery, post surgical debility) , orthopedic (eg, fractures or amputations), neurologic (eg, stroke, Guillain-Barr¨¦ syndrome, Parkinson¡¯s disease, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury) from acute care and inpatient rehabilitation; mean age=67.4; 50.8% female) 

• Activity limitations (Movement/physical, Personal care & instrumental, Applied cognitive) were the dominant factors that explained much of the variance in the extent of community participation achieved by patients. 
• Personal (psychological, persistence, age, gender, race)and social environmental factors (social support) played a major role in predicting levels of social and home participation.

• The development of the PM-PAC was guided by the ICIDH-2 and then reconciled with the ICF. 
• Qualitative item review was based on focus groups with rehabilitation patients. 
• Pilot tested with a sample of 8 people with disabilities; feedback also obtained from 8 rehabilitation researchers

Literature Review: (Magasi & Post, 2010)

• Many items are intended for lower functioning patients.  The most informative items tend to vary by the severity of disability experienced by the patient

Literature Review: (Magasi & Post, 2010)

• The PM-PAC-CAT (Computer Adaptive Test) was highly correlated with the traditional PM-PAC
  (ICC = .71 to .81).  Only minor decrements in sensitivity and responsiveness were observed.