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RehabMeasures Instrument

Test of Infant Motor Performance

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Purpose

The TIMP is a 42 item assessment of postural and selective motor control of functional performance in infants between the ages of 34 weeks (gestational age) and 4 months (post term corrected age).

Link to Instrument

Acronym TIMP

Area of Assessment

Functional Mobility

Assessment Type

Performance Measure

Administration Mode

Paper & Pencil

Cost

Not Free

Actual Cost

$0.00

Cost Description

The TIMP test manual is $38.00 and the age calculator is $15.00. A package of 25 test forms is $68 and a package 50 pack of 50 score sheets isn $10. A ball The ball, cloth and rattle must also be obtained for an additional cost. are items that are most likely available through typical pediatric clinic settings.

Key Descriptions

  • ? Originally launched in 1983, the Test of Infant Motor Performance has underwent several revisions and psychometric analyses
    ? The most recent version (Version 5) includes observed items (1-13) scored yes or no (1 point for yes responses and 0 points for no responses)
    ? Elicited items (14-42) scores range from 0-3, 0-4 or 0-5 and 0-6. Score determined by the infant’s performance
    ? Items scored are summed
    ? Infant receives an age standard based on performance. Age standard includes average, low average, below average and far below average.
    ? Maximum possible raw score is 142

Number of Items

42 items are included with 13 observed and 29 elicited.

Equipment Required

  • TIMP test form and manual
  • Age calculator
  • TIMP score sheets
  • Red ball utilized for visual stimulus (items #22, #23 and #24)
  • Rattle (utilized for items # 38/39)
  • Soft cloth (utilized for items #25/26)

Time to Administer

20-40 minutes

Required Training

Training Course

Age Ranges

Infant

0 - 2

years

Instrument Reviewers

Dawn Drumm, PT, University of Indiana

Jessica Marone, Northwestern University

Body Part

Upper Extremity
Lower Extremity

ICF Domain

Body Function
Activity
Participation

Measurement Domain

Activities of Daily Living

Professional Association Recommendation

The American Physical Therapy Association Special Interest Group on Neonatology lists the TIMP as an assessment appropriate for the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Considerations

 
  • Can be utilized in variety of settings including clinics and hospitals
  • The test can be completed within twenty four hours of the first assessment if infant cannot complete entire test or if the test is interrupted

Pediatric Disorders

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Standard Error of Measurement (SEM)

Premature infants (Campbell et al. 2006; n=990; gestational age range at testing 34-35 weeks postconceptionial age through 16-17 weeks postterm).
  • SEM = 9 points

Cut-Off Scores

Premature infants: (Kolobe et al., 2004; n=61; gestational age at testing 34 weeks postconception through 16 weeks postterm)

  • Cutscore of ?.5 SD below the mean for corrected age yields the optimal combination of specificity for predicting typical development and sensitivity for predicting delayed development

Normative Data

  • The TIMP has age standards for performance that reflect the U.S. population of high-risk infants
  • Standards provide a means to compare infants being tested to normative values from national sample that was tested
  • TIMP test manual (Campbell, 2012) provides this table of norms to compare the raw score to the age standard

Test/Retest Reliability

Premature infants: ( Campbell, 1999; n=106; average gestational age at birth =33 weeks; age at testing 32 weeks post-conceptaual age to 16-weeks postterm);)

  • Excellent test-retest reliability (r = .89 (Pearson Product Moment Correlation )

Spinal Muscular Atrophy: (Finkel et al., 2008; n=11, age range at testing= 37 - 501 days)

  • Excellent test-retest reliability (ICC=.85)

Interrater/Intrarater Reliability

Premature and full-term infants: (Snider et al., 2009; n=100, mean gestational age at birth = 28.6 +/- 2.5 weeks)

  • Excellent interrater reliability (ICC=.856)

Spinal Muscular Atrophy: (Finkel et al., 2008) Spinal Muscular Atrophy: (Finkel et al., 2008)

  • Adequate interrater reliability (ICC=.71)

Internal Consistency

Premature infants: (Campbell et al., 2008; n=990, 34 weeks postgestational age to 17 weeks postterm)

  • Excellent internal consistency (Pearson reliability= 0.96)

 (Murney & Campbell, 1998; n=22)

  • Excellent internal consistency (Cronbach alpha = 0.98)

Criterion Validity (Predictive/Concurrent)

Concurrent Validity:

Premature and full-term infants:  (Campbell & Kolobe, 2000; n=90; ,mean gestational age = 31 weeks)

  • Excellent correlation of the raw scores of the TIMP and the AIMS, r=0.64 (p<.0001: Pearson product moment correlation coefficient)
  • Excellent correlation of the raw scores of the TIMP and the AIMS percentile ranks, r=0.60 (p<.0001: Pearson product moment correlation)

 

Predictive validity:

Premature infants (Campbell et al., 2002; n=96)

  • Excellent correlation of the TIMP to the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) test, r=0.67 (Pearson product moment correlation coefficient, p=.0001).
  •  

Prematurity(Snider et al, 2009; n=100; premature infants <32 weeks gestational age )

  • Adequate correlation  of the TIMP at term age with the 12 month AIMS (r2=0.05; p=0.04)
  • Adequate correlation of the TIMP at term age with the 12 month Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-Daily Living Skills (odds ratio=0.93)

Construct Validity

Premature infants  (Campbell et al., 1995; n=137; mean gestation age=33 weeks;)

  • Excellent correlation between post-conceptual age in days and TIMP performance measure; (r=0.83)

Floor/Ceiling Effects

Premature infants: (Campbell et al., 2006; n=990)

  • Excellent floor/ceiling effects: (No floor or ceiling effects detected)

Responsiveness

Premature infants: (Rose and Wescott, 2005; n=25)

  • Responsive: improvement in TIMP scores detected from 32 to 36 weeks postconceptual age statistically significant (p = 0.0001)

Bibliography

Campbell, S.K. (2012). The test of infant motor performance: test user’s manual version 3.0. Chicago: Infant Motor Performance Scales, LLC.

Campbell, S.K. & Kolobe, T.H. (2000). Concurrent validity of the test of infant motor performance with the Alberta infant motor scale. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 12(1), 2-9.

Campbell, S.K., Kolobe, T-HA., Osten, E.T., Lenke, M., & Girolami, G. (1995). Construct validity of the test of infant motor performance. Physical Therapy, 75(7), 585-596.

Campbell, S.K., Kolobe, T-HA., Wright, B., & Linacre, J.M. (2002). Validity of the test of infant motor performance for prediction of 6, 9, and 12 month scores on the Alberta infant motor scale. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 44, 263-272.

Campbell, S.K., Levy, P., Zawacki, L., & Liao-P-j (2006). Population -based age standards for interpreting results on the test of infant motor performance. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 18, 119-125.

Campbell, S. K., Osten, E. T., Kolobe, T. H. A., & Fisher, A. G. (1993). Development of the test of infant motor performance. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 4(3), 541-541.

Campbell, S.K., Swandland, A., Smith, E., Liao, P.J., & Zawacki, L. (2008). Validity of the timpsi for estimating concurrent performance on the test of infant motor performance. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 20(1), 3-10. doi.10.10971PEP.0b013e31815f66a6

Finkel, R.S., Hynan, L.S., Glanzman, A.M., Owens, H., Nelson, L., Cone, S.R., …AmSMART group. (2008). The test of infant motor performance: reliability in spinal muscle atrophy type I. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 20(3), 242-246. doi.10.1097/PEP.0b013e318181ae96

Kolobe T.H.A., Bulunda, M., Susman, L. (2004). Predicting motor outcome at preschool age for infants tested at 7, 30, 60, and 90 days after term age using the test of infant motor performance. Physical Therapy, 8, 1144+.

Murney, M.E., & Campbell, S.K. (1998). The ecological relevance of the test of infant motor performance elicited scale items. Physical Therapy, 78(5), 479-489.

Rose, R.U., & Wescott, S.L. (2005). Responsiveness of the test of infant motor performance in infants born preterm. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 17(3), 219-224.

Snider, L., Majnemer, A., Mazer, B., Campbell, S., & Bos, A.F. (2008). Prediction of motor and functional outcomes in infants born premature assessed at term. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 21(1), 2-11. doi.10.1097/PEP.ob013e3181957bdc