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Older adults: (Faber et al, 2006; n = 245 subjects residing in long term self care and nursing are residences; mean age = 84.9(6.0) years)

• For individual assessments (Rater 1; Rater 2), MDC = 4.2; 4.0
• For group assessments (Rater 1; Rater 2), MDC = 0.8; 0.7

Older adults:  

(Harada et al, 2005; n = 53 elderly individuals residing in two residential care facilitators for the elderly, including 25% with neurological conditions)

• Cutoff score for POMA-B = 14

Older Adults: 

(Sterke et al, 2010; a clinical review of the Tinetti POMA)

• Cutoff score for POMA-T = 21
• Cutoff score for POMA-B = 11

Older adults:

(Faber et al, 2006)

• Cutoff score = 19
• Cutoff score for POMA-B = 10

Frail elders: (Thomas et al, 2005; n = 30 day hospital patients: 18 fallers, 12 non fallers; mean age for fallers = 79.7(6.7) years; mean age for non-fallers = 81.4(6.7) years)

• Cutoff score = 11

Older adults:

(Ko et al, 2009; n = 1000 Korean elderly evaluated with ABC, POMA, ADL, and IADL)

• Mean POMA score for males aged 65-79 years = 26.21(3.40)
• Mean POMA score for females age 65-79 years = 25.16(4.30)
• Mean POMA score for males over 80 years = 23.29(6.02)
• Mean POMA score for females over 80 years = 17.20(8.32)

Older adults:

(Baloh et al, 2003; n = 59 normal older subjects followed up at yearly examinations for 8 to 10 years; mean age = 78.5(3.7) years)

• Mean Tinetti score at entry into the study = 27.5(0.65)
• Scores decreased annually and significantly by a mean of 0.50(0.40)

Older adults:

(Faber et al, 2006)

• Excellent test-retest reliability for POMA B and POMA-G (ICC = 0.72-0.86

Older adults:

(van Iersel et al, 2007; n = 39 people with dementia; mean age = 78.3; n = 46 people without dementia; mean age = 73.8; MMSE = 19.1(5.2))

• Excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.96)

Frail elders:

(Thomas et al, 2005)

• Excellent intrarater reliability for frail elders, including 38.8% with stroke and 24.9% with PD (ICC = 0.84)

Community-dwelling older adults: 

(Lin et al, 2004; n = 1200 people aged 65 and older residing in rural villages in Shin-Sher Township, located in Taichung County in west-central Taiwan)

• Adequate correlation between POMA-B and Timed Up and Go (r = -0.55)
• Adequate correlation between POMA-B and Functional Reach (r = 0.48)
• Adequate correlation between POMA-B and walking speed (r = -0.54)
• Excellent correlation between POMA-B and Older Adults Resources and Services ADL scale (r = 0.60) 
• Excellent correlation between POMA-B and Tinnetti gait (r = 0.81) 

Older adults: 

(Ko et al, 2009; n = 1000 Korean elderly evaluated with ABC, POMA, ADL, and IADL)

• Excellent correlation between POMA, POMA-B, POMA-G and the Activities Specific Balance Confidence Scores (r = 0.689-0.736)

Older adults:

(Faber et al, 2006)

• Poor ceiling effect for POMA-G (21.2%)

Older adults:

(Faber et al, 2006)

• No floor effects

Older Adults:

(Harada et al, 2005)

• Sensitivity = 68%
• Specificity = 78% 

(Sterke et al, 2010)

• Sensitivity for POMA-Total = 85%
• Specificity for POMA-Total = 56%
• Sensitivity for POMA-B = 70%
• Specificity for POMA-B = 51%

(Faber et al, 2006)

• Sensitivity = 64%
• Specificity = 66.1%
• Sensitivity for POMA-B = 64%
• Specificity for POMA-B = 66.1%

Frail Elders:

(Thomas et al, 2005)

• Sensitivity = 83%
• Specificity = 72%

Stroke: (Canbek, et al, 2013; n=55 adults admitted to inpatient rehab with first-time stroke; mean age 75(11) years)

• MDC = 6 points

Chronic Stroke:

(Soyuer et al, 2007; n = people with chronic stroke, 53 non fallers, 36 one-time fallers, and 11 repeat fallers)

• Cutoff  score < 20

Stroke: 

(Daly et al, 2006; n = 32 subjects (> 1 year after stroke); Group 1, FNS-IM, mean age = 57.7(11.9) years; Group 2, NO-FN2, mean age = 63.6(10.4) years)

• Excellent test-retest reliability for POMA-G (ICC = 0.91)

Stroke:

(Canbek, et al, 2013; n=55 adults admitted to inpatient rehab with first-time stroke; mean age 75(11) years)

• Excellent test-retest reliability for POMA (ICC = 0.84)

Stroke: 

(Canbek, et al, 2013; n=55 adults admitted to inpatient rehab with first-time stroke; mean age 75(11) years) 

• Adequate correlation between POMA and the motor domain of the FIM (r = 0.55) 
• Strong correlation between POMA and gait speed (r = 0.82) 

(Corriveau et al, 2004; n =30 older adults, 15 post stroke and 15 healthy age-matched-adults; mean age for post stroke = 71.8(6.92) years; mean age for healthy = 71.5(6.5) years) 

• Adequate correlation between POMA and COP-COM for AP direction (-0.58)
• Adequate correlation between POMA and COP-COM for ML direction (-0.57)

Chronic Stroke: 

(Soyuer et al, 2007) 

• Sensitivity = 66% 
• Specificity = 79.2%

Parkinson¡¯s Disease:

(Kegelmeyer et al, 2007; Parts 1-3, n =30 with PD; mean age 65(10.9) years; HY = 2.41(0.39); Data from parts 1-3 used to establish reliability and concurrent validity; Part 4, n = 156 with PD; mean age = 68.2(11.04) years; HY = 2.5(range 1-4); Part 4 data used to establish concurrent criterion-related validity); all subjects with MMSE > 23/30)

• Cutoff score < 20 (AUC 72%, Sensitivity 76%, Specificity 66%). 

(Contreras & Grandas, 2012): n = 160 with PD (72 men, 88 women); Mean age 72 (9.5); 62 (38.8%) reported 1 fall since onset of PD and 42 of those (68% of fallers) reported recurrent falls of varying frequency. Mean age at first fall = 70.7 (9.6) years; Mean disease duration at first fall = 7.2 (6) years. Hoehn & Yahr mean = 2.6 (1.0) - stage 1 n = 21, stage 2 n = 63, stage 3 n = 44, stage 4 n = 23, stage 5 n = 9)

• Cutoff score for Tinetti Total = 17.5
  • Adequate ability to detect fallers: AUC = 0.81, SN = 0.60, SP = 0.86, Accuracy = 52%.
• Adequate Cutoff score for Tinetti-Balance = 11.5/16 
  • AUC = 0.81 SN = 0.71, SP = 0.79, Accuracy = 76%
• Adequate cutoff score for Tinetti-Gait = 10.5/12 
  • AUC = 0.77, SN = 0.71, SP = 0.74, Accuracy = 76%

Parkinson Disease:

(Contreras & Grandas, 2012) 

Parkinson's Disease:

(Kegelmeyer et al, 2007)

• Excellent interrater reliability 5 raters (ICC = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.8-0.93)
  • Excellent interrater reliability with experienced raters (n = 2; ICC = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.69-0.92)
  • Excellent interrater reliability with student raters (n = 3; ICC = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.8-0.94) 

(Behrman et al, 2002; n = 20 community-dwelling; 10 control without PD (mean age 73.4 (4.24) (community dwelling, 10 w/ idiopathic PD (6 male) (mean age 73.4(4.30); Disease duration 11.2 (6.4) years; Hoehn &Yahr stage 2: n = 3, 3: n = 6 4:n = 1 person, 10 control age and gender-matched (mean age 73.4(4.24) yrs; 6 male, 4 female); min score of 24 on MMSE required)

• Excellent intrarater reliability for older adults with and without PD using the Tinetti-Gait (r = 0.95)

Parkinson¡¯s Disease:

(Kegelmeyer et al, 2007)

• Adequate Correlation Tinetti and UPDRS 
• Adequate Correlation Tinetti and Comfortable gait speed 

(Gray et al, 2009; Retrospective correlation design. N = 109 with idiopathic PD (52 men, 57 women); Mean age 74.7 (7.9); Duration since diagnosis 5.42 (5.56) years; HY mean 2.02 (0.73); UPDRS 34.1 (11.2); 46 (42.2%) had died at 7 years. Goal: assessment of potential predictors for mortality using Tinetti, UPDRS, 10 MWT, posture in standing, lying to sitting, sitting to standing, getting up from floor assessments, and time to ascend and descend 4 steps. 

• Tinetti-POMA Balance 
  • Excellent correlation with total UPDRS (r = 0.646, p < 0.01) 
  • Excellent correlation with 10 meter walk test (r = 0.78, p < 0.01)
  • Excellent correlation with Tinetti-G (r = 0.75, p < 0.01)
• Tinetti-POMA Gait 
  • Adequate correlation with total UPDRS (r = 0.567, p < 0.01) 
  • Adequate correlation with 10 m walk test (r = 0.439, p < 0.01) 
• Cox regression analysis: Age, Sex, and Tinetti-B and Tinetti-G scores determined to be independent predictors of mortality. Tinetti Exp(B) = 1.30 (95% CI 1.14-1.49), Sex ExpB = 2.86 (95% CI = 1.52-5.41); Age-at-start Exp(B) = 1.07 (95% CI = 1.52-5.41) 

(Contreras & Grandas, 2012) 

• With stepwise multivariate regression analysis, only Tinetti Balance was independently associated with falls (OR = 0.847, 95% CI =0.74-0.97, p = 0.017)

Parkinson¡¯s Disease:

(Kegelmeyer et al, 2007)

• Floor effect exists for those in later Hoehn & Yahr stages (eg, stages 4 and 5)

(Behrman et al, 2002)

• Tinetti Gait component showed ceiling effect with the mean of measures for all subjects and all gait cuing conditions within 20% of maximum score

Parkinson¡¯s Disease: 

(Kegelmeyer et al, 2007) 

• Sensitivity = 76%
• Specificity = 66%

(Behrman et al, 2002)

• Reported that Tinetti Gait lacked responsiveness sensitivity to varied conditions involving targeted gait cues (speed, amplitude, cadence) with mean scores per condition from 10.4 to 11.0 (on 12-point scale). In contrast, motion analysis did detect differences across conditions.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS):

(Kloos et al, 2004; Phase 1, n = 21 subjects with stage III ALS; mean age = 62.81(14.20) years; Phase 2, n =22 subjects with stage III ALS; mean age 57.36(10.71) years)

• Adequate to excellent intrarater reliability for 6 raters (kappa = 0.40-1.0)

Possible normal pressure hydrocephalus: 

(Shore et al, 2005)

• Excellent correlation between POMA-G and Functional Ambulatory Performance and gait velocity measured with a GAITRite Portable Walkway System for all subjects at baseline, subjects who would undergo shunt surgery, and post-shunt surgery (r = 0.67-0.82)
• Adequate to excellent correlation beween POMA-G and gait velocity in subjects who had shunt surgery (r = 0.59)

Possible normal pressure for hydrocephalus: 

(Shore et al, 2005)

• Ceiling effect may exist for POMA-G